Stabilizing interventional instruments in the cardiovascular system: A classification of mechanisms

Positioning and stabilizing a catheter at the required location inside vessel or heart is complicated task in interventional cardiology. In this review we provide structured classification of stabilization mechanisms to systematically assess their challenges during cardiac interventions. Commercially available, patented, experimental prototypes catheters were classified with respect mechanisms. Subsequently, was used define requirements for future persisting stabilization. The showed that there are two main mechanisms: surface-based volume-based. Surface-based apply attachment through surface anchoring, while volume-based make use locking shape force against wall. provides insight into existing can possibly be as tool design keep specific an intervention. Additionally, vasculature lead development more dedicated systems future, allowing intervention- patient-specific instrument manipulation.